Black truffle - description of where the toxicity of the fungus grows

Black truffles are appreciated by even the most sophisticated gourmets from around the world, fruit bodies are ranked among the genus of marsupials. In today's material we will consider everything that affects their features and external data, the specifics of growth and other important aspects. Under the truffles refers to a delicacy, the price of which for 1 kg. can go up to a thousand dollars. The information below will help you form your own opinion about these tubers, which grow only in certain regions and require special conditions.

Description

1. By black truffle is meant a French or Peregorsk mushroom, these names are also characteristic of this variety. It is considered a fruit specimen to the truffle family and genus of marsupials, in which there are more than thirty varieties. The name of this mushroom received from the French region of Perigord.
2. As you already understood, the mushroom belongs to the edible type. It is quite tasty, so I got fans all over the world and conquered even the most spoiled gourmets. Growth is carried out in the soil, above the ground is not shown. If you compare the structure with other mushrooms familiar to humans, it is quite unusual. Initially, this copy was confused with simple land tubers.
3. The fruit body is characteristic of marsupials and lichens apotheci. Its format is round or irregular in shape. A tuber in diameter can reach 9 cm. It is colored red-brown or saturated black as coal. When pressed, the fruit body modifies its color to rust-red. Its upper part is covered with warts-irregularities, which have 6 faces.
4. The soft part is compacted and hard, in young stock it is colored in a light tone. It is brown-pink or gray. Over the course of the life cycle, it is pigmented with black and purple or just dark. If it is a fruit body cut, then in its soft part it is easy to notice red and white patterns. They are visible in age-related fungi. To taste the flesh with bitterness, but does not repel.The smell is intense and pleasant.

Similar varieties

Black fruit bodies are considered classic. But there are still some species that, according to certain characteristics, coincide with our representatives of the family.

1. Black Himalayan. A copy can reach 50 gr. Tastes are somewhat similar to nuts. Due to the fact that the dimensions are small, it is quite difficult to look for these fruit bodies.
2. Russian summer black. Large enough, the diameter can grow up to 12 cm. By weight, the fruiting bodies grow to 0.45 kg. Over the course of the life cycle, the soft part of the fruit is modified in its color. Initially it is white, but then it acquires a gray-brown tone. In taste it resembles a nut. It grows in the Caucasus, in the Crimea, in Russia in the European part. Prefers to grow under an oak or pine. Fruiting begins in early summer, it lasts until mid-autumn.
3. Burgundy black. The fruit body is of a round format, which grows up to 0.3 kg in mass. The length reaches 8-9 cm. The soft part is painted in beige tone, the structure is marble.The smell is clearly trapped notes of cocoa beans.
4. Winter black. From the name we can conclude that this variety prefers to bear fruit in winter. Namely, from the last month of autumn to the end of winter. Fruits are rounded in size, reaching 7–20 cm in diameter. By weight they grow to 120 g. Characteristic growths are seen on the surface, the fruit body itself is colored purple. It smells of musk, grows where there is linden or filbert. You can find in Switzerland, Italy and Ukraine.

Spread

1. This type of mushroom family is considered finicky in terms of the conditions necessary for full growth. These specimens live in larches, form a powerful union with some trees. Among them are oak, hazel.
2. Truffles can not be called parasitic fungi. Due to the fact that they work closely with certain trees, the latter receive the necessary nutrients and water from the soil. Mushrooms also do not deprive themselves, but do not cause harm to others. They protect trees from various diseases.
3. In the places of growth of the discussed variety of fruit bodies weeds do not grow.It's all about the ability of the fungus to destroy other vegetation, except for the tree with which the symbiosis is built. Such places are called witch circles.
4. As for the depth of the fruit bodies under consideration, it can reach up to half a meter. It is because of such a characteristic feature of mushrooms that their search is significantly complicated for humans. In addition, due to the specific growth process, the specimens have a high cost.
5. The presented truffles give preference to the soil not oversaturated with nutritious enzymes. In addition, it should be lime. If you want to try dishes with this mushroom, it is best to go to Europe. In this case, you will taste the original delicacy.
6. However, despite all this, the fruit bodies in question also grow in countries other than France. The fruit body is widespread in Italy, Spain and in the south-west of France. Moreover, in China, experts have learned how to grow a mushroom by artificial means.
7. The ideal time for collecting data is considered the end of autumn and until the beginning of spring. Often experienced mushroom pickers go in search of truffles in the very first months after the New Year. At such times, the fruiting truffle season is at its peak.

Treatment

1. Considered fruit bodies are very popular around the world. Black truffles became famous not only because of its high cost, but also because of its unsurpassed taste, which does not look like anything. The mushroom truly won the hearts of many.
2. However, it is worth mentioning that not everyone understands the delights of taste notes, having first tried this fruit body. Therefore, these gourmets always advise to try a delicacy at least two times. Only then can one judge how good a truffle is.
3. The taste of such an instance can hardly be compared with anything. The same can be said about his exquisite aroma. While enjoying the mushroom, you can feel the notes of the forest in which it grew. Also felt echoes of alcohol and chocolate.
4. In the culinary world of professional chefs prepare a lot of different dishes that can complement the truffle. Most often, raw fruit body acts as a seasoning. In addition, instances are often subjected to heat treatment.
5. Taste and aromatic qualities of the mushroom are perfectly revealed with pasta, rice and egg dishes.It is worth noting that after collecting truffles can keep a fresh look for a very short period of time. Therefore, during the fruiting season, professional mushroom pickers in the pursuit of truffle arrange real wars among themselves.
6. The same goes for the markets. Representatives of French restaurants are trying to buy the fruit bodies in question as quickly as possible. After that, the chefs want to cook a lot of different dishes to please the customer. This is because all gourmets who flock from all over the world want to try truffle.

Search and collection

1. Truffles need to be harvested before preparing a delicious dish. Do not forget that this process is quite time consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare for this with all seriousness. To go hunting for specimens, you should definitely take with you specially trained dogs or pigs.
2. It is these animals that have a keen sense of smell and are able to detect the fruiting sites of the fungi in question. In this case, after the discovery of truffles, they must be carefully excavated without damaging the root system of the tree and the fruit itself.

Black truffles are among the most expensive delicacies on the planet. Their value can sometimes be amazing. The problem is that such fruit bodies are difficult to find. In addition, in most cases they grow one by one. Therefore, you should not hope that you will be able to harvest a huge harvest at once.

Video: black truffle (Tuber melanosporum)