White fungus - description, species, where it grows

Under the white fungus refers to a variety of forest gifts, which are ranked among the order of basidiomycetes. Also, these specimens have an order — a bolus, and a class — agaricomycetes. Representatives of the forest group of the borovik genus have one common name - porcini mushrooms. Some prefer to call them the old-fashioned boletus, but the essence remains the same. Among all the variety of mushrooms available, these are the most recognizable. People gladly fill their baskets with them when they go to the so-called hunt.

Species

Before considering all the available species, let us examine the reasons why this gift of forest nature was so nicknamed. Already in ancient times, people assigned a name to mushrooms, they did not bypass the family in question. Since people have long been engaged in collecting and processing these copies, the name came by itself.The pulp of raw mushroom marble color after drying or other processing remains white. Partly for this reason, people have called mushrooms white, despite the fact that they have a dark hat.

Now take a closer look at the available varieties.

1. Reticulate. Belongs to the category allowed for consumption in food. According to its external data it is similar to boletuses, but the hat is pigmented with an ocher, brownish tinge. There may be blotches of reddish tone. The cap is located on a shortened base. The leg itself is shaped like a cylinder. It can be seen mesh pattern, which is pigmented brown or whitish. The diameter of the top can reach up to 30 cm, but usually there are mushrooms with a cap of 6-20 cm. The soft part is perfectly white. You can meet these mushrooms in the USA, Europe, Canada, Africa, Transcaucasia. Usually pick mushrooms go, starting in June, ending in September.
2. Birch. He also has another name - kolovik. The main characteristic is the presence of a whitish cap, which is 15 cm in diameter. The top may not be white, but cream or light with a yellow glow. The base is in the form of a barrel, not a cylinder, like other representatives of the genus. It is light brown, with a white mesh at the top. If you cut the mushroom, it will not turn blue.As for the pulp, it is white. As the name implies, representatives of the group grow under the birch trees. They have a fairly extensive area of ​​distribution, is found on the edges, in various forest belts and birch groves. Fruiting begins in June, ends in October. Growth affects Western Europe, Russia.
3. Pine. Another variety of white fungus, which is characterized by a dark cap. It may be a purple hue. The hat varies in diameter from 6 to 28 cm in diameter. The soft part is covered with a thin skin, it is red with a brown tint, and on the basis is whitish. If you cut off the leg, the pulp will not become bluish. Leg compacted and extensive, brown or light (white), on it there is a red or brownish mesh. As the name implies, these members of the family grow in a pine forest. They love sandy terrain, mountain peaks, deciduous forests. As for distribution, they are found in the expanses of our homeland, in the USA, Europe.
4. Oak. The hat is brown, dominated by gray, not brown. Spots of a whitish or ocher tone may be observed on the surface.The soft part is not very dense, friable than all other varieties of this family of forest gifts. Mushrooms grow in Primorsky Krai and the Caucasus. They are seen in the middle and southern strip of our homeland.
5. Spruce. Perhaps the most common group. The base is elongated, compacted, with some thickening at the bottom. On the leg there is a mesh, which extends to 30 or 50% in length. Hat brownish, dominated by brown or red shades. These mushrooms are found in large quantities in the fir forest belt, as well as where there is a lot of spruce. There are in Iceland, in the open spaces of our country and in Europe. Fruiting continues until the fall.
6. Dark bronze. Otherwise, representatives of the group called hornbeam or copper. Another edible variety of mushrooms, which is famous for its dark brown color. Interestingly, hat legs can be the same in color. Often the mushroom looks black or so. At the bottom of the base there is a grid, which is first pigmented whitish, then becomes ocher. The leg is cylindrical in its format. As for the pulp, it is brown-pink, bronze.If you make a cut, the shade will not change. The soft part is not friable, it smells pretty nice, it is the same in taste. These mushrooms are in the oak or beech forest. The harvest can be collected in July, it will last until October. On the territory of distribution there are gifts of nature in the United States of America and Europe.

Sprouting

1. The white mushroom grows in different climatic regions, it can be found everywhere, except perhaps Antarctica or Australia. You can find these gifts in Europe, Mexico, Mongolia, Japan, and China. Mushrooms also grow in North Africa and North / South America. In the vastness of our homeland are found in Kamchatka, the Caucasus and the Far East. Naturally, it does not do without the presence in the southern and middle parts of Russia.
2. As for the season of the year, in this matter everything depends on the territorial growth. As a rule, these mushrooms are shown in late spring or early summer. Then their collection can continue until the middle or end of the autumn season (if the region is warm). If the growth is carried out in cold climatic areas, the collection is better to carry out in May and September. Most of all mushrooms is observed in August.
3. If we consider the growth phase of the represented family, the fungus will reach maturity in a full week. By the nature of the growth, it is a family fungus that lives colonially. If the mushroom picker meets one mushroom, then in the neighborhood you will surely find many more gifts.

Description

1. The length of the stem figures vary within 12 cm. However, according to experience, mushroom pickers say that they met mushrooms much higher (up to 25 cm). As for the diameter, the base is 7-9 cm. These mushrooms differ in the shape of the stem, namely barrel-shaped or oval, vertically. If the mushroom is old, its base will acquire the format of a cylinder. The color of the leg is brownish or white, maybe with dark specks.
2. Once the mushrooms are fully ripe, their flesh becomes quite dense. It has an attractive white color, fleshy and juiciness. You can see that the older the specimen, the more the pulp acquires a fibrous structure. In addition, it begins to turn slightly yellow. Also in old mushrooms, the pulp may have a light beige shade.
3. It is worth noting the characteristic feature of all specimens that belong to the genus Borovik. Such mushrooms have a unique taste and delicate aroma.Hat mature mushroom has a brownish-brown color. In addition, it grows from 7 to 30 cm.
4. However, in certain areas, under conditions of mild temperature and frequent rains, it is often possible to find white mushrooms with a hat diameter of up to 50 cm. To determine the age of the specimen, one does not need to have any special knowledge.
5. Young mushrooms differ convex hat perfect shape. As for the overripe specimens, it becomes flat. It is often possible to see that the hat is even arched in the opposite direction. Often the surface of the fungus is quite pleasant to the touch.
6. Hats have a velvety structure. The upper skin is quite difficult to separate, as it has a tight connection with the pulp. If the weather is rather windy or dry, the hat begins to become covered with deep cracks and wrinkles. As a result, the pores of the fungus are seriously damaged.
7. As soon as the rainy weather begins, on the surface of the cap of the mushroom, you can see the shell in the form of mucus. Separately, it is worth mentioning that the color of the hat of the specimens in question can be varied. Shades start from red-brown to almost white.Older mushrooms have a looser cap.

Benefit

1. These mushrooms have a huge amount of minerals useful to humans. Such specimens are considered among the most useful and popular. It is worth noting that the pulp of white mushrooms contains the optimal amount of selenium.
2. Such a substance contributes to the disposal of oncological pathologies in humans. Systematic eating mushrooms allows you to deal with fairly serious diseases in the early stages. In addition, ascorbic acid and protein are present in the specimens. Taken together, enzymes improve the normal activity of all internal organs.
3. Aromatic and fleshy pulp contains enough calcium. In addition, the composition of the fungus includes iron and phytohormones. They are considered simply necessary for a person. In aggregate, all enzymes can neutralize all inflammatory processes that occur in the body.
4. Riboflavin is also present in the white specimen. It is this substance that stabilizes the activity of the thyroid gland. In addition, vitamin promotes better growth of nails and hair.As for a sufficient amount of vitamins of group B, they have a positive effect on the entire human nervous system.
5. Such vitamins have a positive effect on the work of the brain, memory, energy metabolism. B vitamins protect mucous membranes and the skin from all sorts of infections. In addition, enzymes directly affect the quality of sleep, appetite and good mood.
6. White mushroom contains lecithin. Such a substance is especially necessary for those suffering from anemia and atherosclerosis. Also, the enzyme cleans blood vessels from cholesterol. In addition, such specimens are greatly appreciated due to the presence of B-glucan.
7. This substance is an antioxidant that strengthens the protective functions of the body. This enzyme is excellent against various viruses, fungi and bacteria. In addition, ergotionein is found in the white fungus.
8. The latter is responsible for the renewal and regeneration of cells throughout the body. Substance brings special benefits for the eyes, kidneys, inert brain and liver. In addition, due to the composition of the product in question, the secretion of digestive juice is well stimulated.
9. Separately, it is worth mentioning that white mushrooms are low-calorie foods. They consist of water by almost 90%. For this reason, such specimens can be dried, stewed, fried and marinated for the winter without problems.
10. When cooking, the flesh turns out to be extremely tasty and tender. In addition, the mushroom flavor can not leave you indifferent. It is especially enhanced after heat treatment. The greatest flavor comes from the white fungus, if it is properly dried. At this time, the flesh begins to gradually lose moisture.

Harm

1. Despite the edibility of such specimens, they can still be poisoned. Do not forget that chitin is present in the mushrooms. That he is very difficult to digest the body of the child.
2. You also need to be extremely careful of pregnant girls and individuals who suffer from kidney and digestive system diseases.

Remember that all mushrooms eventually accumulate heavy toxic metals that are present in the earth. Therefore, in no case collect them in a non-ecological area. Prefer exclusively to wild forests and glades.In this case, in the absence of contraindications, you will receive exceptional benefits from the presented product.

Video: white mushroom - how to quickly find in the forest